Terminologies: Technique library
Related schema specification: Technique
3DComputerGraphicModeling
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/3DComputerGraphicModeling
- @type:
- name:
3D computer graphic modeling
3DPolarizedLightImaging
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/3DPolarizedLightImaging
- @type:
- definition:
‘3D polarized light imaging’ (synonym: 3D-PLI) is a 3D reconstruction process of high-resoluted image data originating from polorized light microscopy.
- name:
3D polarized light imaging
3DScanning
metadata sheet
- @id:
- @type:
- name:
3D scanning
CLARITY_TDE
metadata sheet
- @id:
- @type:
- name:
CLARITY/TDE
DABStaining
metadata sheet
- @id:
- @type:
- definition:
In a ‘DAB staining’, the organic compound DAB (3, 3’-diaminobenzidine) is oxidized in presence of peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide resulting in deposition of a brown, alcohol-insoluble precipitate which can be used in immunohistochemical and blotting applications.
- name:
DAB staining
DAPiStaining
metadata sheet
- @id:
- @type:
- definition:
A nuclear-specific staining technique where DAPi (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) is used as a dye.
- description:
DAPi, or 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, is a blue fluorescent dye that bind strongly to adenine-thymine (AT) rich regions in DNA. It is used extensively in fluorescence microscopy and can be used on both fixated and living cells.
- name:
DAPi staining
DNAMethylationAnalysis
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/DNAMethylationAnalysis
- @type:
- definition:
A ‘DNA methylation analysis’ studies chromosomal patterns of DNA or histone modification by methyl groups ([modified from Nature.com](https://www.nature.com/subjects/methylation-analysis)).
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
DNA methylation analysis
DNASequencing
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/DNASequencing
- @type:
- definition:
‘DNA sequencing’ refers to a group of techniques that are used to determine the order of nucleotides (nucleic acid sequence) in DNA. [adapted from [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_sequencing)]
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
DNA sequencing
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
GolgiStaining
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/GolgiStaining
- @type:
- definition:
‘Golgi staining’ includes several silver staining techniques in which fixed tissue is impregnated with silver nitrate and potassium dichromate resulting in the complete staining of some nerve cells while other cells are not stained at all. [adapted from InterLex](http://uri.interlex.org/ilx_0104713)
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
Golgi staining
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
HEStaining
metadata sheet
- @id:
- @type:
- definition:
An ‘H&E staining’ combines the two histological stains hematoxylin and eosin which highlight a large portion of microscopic anatomy in a tissue. It is therefore the most widely used stain in medical and histopathological diagnosis.
- name:
H&E staining
HPCSimulation
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/HPCSimulation
- @type:
- name:
HPC simulation
HoechstStaining
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/HoechstStaining
- @type:
- definition:
A nuclear-specific staining technique where a Hoechst dye is used.
- description:
Hoechst dyes are part of a family of blue fluorescent dye that bind to DNA. It acts similarly as DAPi and can also be used on both fixated and living cells.
- name:
Hoechst staining
NisslStaining
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/NisslStaining
- @type:
- definition:
The term ‘Nissl staining’ refers to various basic dyes (e.g., aniline, thionine, cresyl violet) that selectively label negatively charged molecules (e.g., DNA, RNA) and are therefore typically used to highlight important structural features of cell bodies.
- name:
Nissl staining
RNASequencing
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/RNASequencing
- @type:
- definition:
‘RNA sequencing’ refers to a group of techniques that are used to (directly or indirectly) determine the order of nucleotides (nucleic acid sequence) in RNA.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
RNA sequencing
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
RamanSpectroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/RamanSpectroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
A spectroscopic technique where scattered light is used to measure the vibrational energy modes of a sample. It relies upon inelastic scattering of photons (Raman scattering) and can provide both chemical and structural information.
- name:
Raman spectroscopy
SDSDigestedFreezeFractureReplicaLabeling
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/SDSDigestedFreezeFractureReplicaLabeling
- @type:
- name:
SDS-digested freeze-fracture replica labeling
SWITCHImmunohistochemistry
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/SWITCHImmunohistochemistry
- @type:
- name:
SWITCH immunohistochemistry
TDEClearing
metadata sheet
- @id:
- @type:
- name:
TDE clearing
TimmsStaining
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/TimmsStaining
- @type:
- definition:
A technique used to selectively visualize a variety of metals (e.g. zinc, copper, iron) in biological tissue based on sulphide-precipitation of metals in the tissue.
- description:
The principle of this technique is that metals in the tissue can be transformed histochemically to metal sulphide. Subsequently, metal sulphide catalyze the reduction of silver ions by a reducing agent to metallic grains that are visible under a light or electron microscope.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
Timm’s staining
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
activityModulationTechnique
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/activityModulationTechnique
- @type:
- name:
activity modulation technique
anaesthesiaAdministration
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/anaesthesiaAdministration
- @type:
- name:
anaesthesia administration
anaesthesiaMonitoring
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/anaesthesiaMonitoring
- @type:
- name:
anaesthesia monitoring
anaesthesiaTechnique
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/anaesthesiaTechnique
- @type:
- name:
anaesthesia technique
angiography
metadata sheet
- @id:
- @type:
- definition:
Imaging technique for anatomical and structural details of the vascular system [adapted from [National Library of Medicine](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557477/)].
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
angiography
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/indexes/ontologies/methods/87
anterogradeTracing
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/anterogradeTracing
- @type:
- definition:
Anterograde tracing is a technique used to trace axonal projections from their source (the cell body or soma) to their point of termination (the synapse).
- description:
Anterograde tracers are taken up by neuronal cell bodies at the injection site and travel to the axon terminals. Anterograde tracing techniques allow for a detailed assessment of neuronal connections between a target population of neurons and their outputs throughout the nervous system.
- name:
anterograde tracing
autoradiography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/autoradiography
- @type:
- definition:
‘Autoradiography’ is a photography technique that creates images of a radioactive source (e.g., molecules or fragments of molecules that have been radioactively labeled) by the direct exposure to an imaging media (e.g., X-ray film or nuclear emulsion)
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
autoradiography
avidinBiotinComplexStaining
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/avidinBiotinComplexStaining
- @type:
- name:
avidin-biotin complex staining
beta-galactosidaseStaining
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/beta-galactosidaseStaining
- @type:
- name:
beta-galactosidase staining
biocytinStaining
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/biocytinStaining
- @type:
- definition:
In ‘biocytin staining’ the chemical compound biocytin is used to highlight morphological details of nerve cells.
- description:
Biocytin staining is a technique commonly used in combination with intracellular electrophysiology for post-hoc recovery of morphological details of the studied neurons. For this, the chemical compound biocytin is included in the electrode in order to fill the studied cell. It allows for the visualisation of the dendritic arborization and the regions targeted by the axons of the studied neurons.
- name:
biocytin staining
bloodSampling
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/bloodSampling
- @type:
- definition:
‘Blood sampling’ is the process of obtaining blood from a body for purpose of medical diagnosis and/or evaluation of an indication for treatment, further medical tests or other procedures.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
blood sampling
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
brightfieldMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/brightfieldMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
Brightfield microscopy is an optical microscopy techniques, in which illumination light is transmitted through the sample and the contrast is generated by the absorption of light in dense areas of the specimen.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
brightfield microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/indexes/ontologies/methods/238
calciumImaging
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/calciumImaging
- @type:
- name:
calcium imaging
callosotomy
metadata sheet
- @id:
- @type:
- name:
callosotomy
cellAttachedPatchClamp
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/cellAttachedPatchClamp
- @type:
- definition:
‘Cell-attached patch clamp’ is an intracellular electrophysiology technique that fully preserves the intracellular integrity by forming a megaohm or gigaohm seal, leaving the cell membrane intact.
- description:
Cell-attached patch clamp is a patch clamp recording technique used in electrophysiology in which the intracellular integrity of the cell is preserved. Patches are formed using either a ‘loose seal’ (mega ohm resistance) or a ‘tight seal’ (giga ohm resistance) without rupturing the cell membrane. A loose seal is used for recording action potential currents, whereas a tight seal is required for evoking action potentials in the attached cell and for recording resting and synaptic potentials.
- name:
cell attached patch clamp
coherentAntiStokesRamanSpectroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/coherentAntiStokesRamanSpectroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
A nonlinear Raman spectroscopy technique that employs multiple photons to address molecular vibrations, and produces a coherent signal. It uses a Stokes frequency stimulation beam and an anti-Stokes frequency beam is observed [adapted from [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherent_anti-Stokes_Raman_spectroscopy)].
- name:
coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy
coherentStokesRamanSpectroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/coherentStokesRamanSpectroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
A nonlinear Raman spectroscopy technique that employs multiple photons to address molecular vibrations, and produces a coherent signal. It uses an anti-Stokes frequency stimulation beam and a Stokes frequency beam is observed [adapted from [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherent_anti-Stokes_Raman_spectroscopy)].
- name:
coherent Stokes Raman spectroscopy
computerTomography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/computerTomography
- @type:
- definition:
‘Computer tomogoraphy’ is a noninvasive medical imaging technique where a computer generates multiple X-ray scans to obtain detailed internal 3D image of the body.
- name:
computer tomography
confocalMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/confocalMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
Confocal microscopy is a specialized fluorescence microscopy technique that uses pinholes to reject out-of-focus light.
- description:
Confocal microscopy focuses light onto a defined spot at a specific depth within a fluorescent sample to eliminate out-of-focus glare, and increase resolution and contrast in the micrographs.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
confocal microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/indexes/ontologies/methods/157
contrastAgentAdministration
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/contrastAgentAdministration
- @type:
- definition:
A ‘contrast agent administration’ is a (typically) oral or intraveneous administration of a chemical compound to improve the visibility of internal body structures of a subject in a subsequent imaging technique.
- name:
contrast agent administration
contrastEnhancement
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/contrastEnhancement
- @type:
- name:
contrast enhancement
cortico-corticalEvokedPotentialMapping
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/cortico-corticalEvokedPotentialMapping
- @type:
- definition:
Cortico-cortical evoked potential (CCEP) mapping is used to identify the effective connectivity between distinct neuronal populations based on multiple CCEP measurements across (parts of) the brain in response to direct electrical stimulation (typically at various locations).
- name:
cortico-cortical evoked potential mapping
craniotomy
metadata sheet
- @id:
- @type:
- name:
craniotomy
cryosectioning
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/cryosectioning
- @type:
- definition:
Cutting of specimen in cryo/freezing conditions typically resulting in micromillimeter thin slices.
- name:
cryosectioning
currentClamp
metadata sheet
- @id:
- @type:
- definition:
Current clamp is a technique in which the amount of current injected into the cell is controlled, which allows for the detection of changes in the transmembrane voltage resulting from ion channel activity.
- name:
current clamp
darkfieldMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/darkfieldMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
Darkfield microscopy is an optical microscopy technique in which illumination light is transmitted through the sample so that it does not directly enter the optics and contrast is generated by the differential scattering of light within the specimen.
- description:
Darkfield microscopy is an optical microscopy technique that generates contrast by differentially filtering scatter and unscattered light. Specifically it transmits scattered light and blocks unscattered light. The effect is to make the areas of a transparent sample that scatter light appear brighter than those that do not scatter light. A dark background is used (i.e. the light source is not directly behind the sample in the optical path) so that unscattered light does not overwhelm the scattered light.
- name:
darkfield microscopy
differentialInterferenceContrastMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/differentialInterferenceContrastMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
An optical microscopy technique, used to enhance the contrast in unstained, transparent samples [taken from [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_interference_contrast_microscopy)].
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
differential interference contrast microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/readable/technique/IRDIC
diffusionFixationTechnique
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/diffusionFixationTechnique
- @type:
- definition:
Diffusion fixation is a fixation technique to preserve specimen permanently as faithfully as possible compared to the living state by submerging specimen in a fixative.
- name:
diffusion fixation technique
diffusionTensorImaging
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/diffusionTensorImaging
- @type:
- name:
diffusion tensor imaging
diffusionWeightedImaging
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/diffusionWeightedImaging
- @type:
- name:
diffusion-weighted imaging
dualViewInvertedSelectivePlaneIlluminationMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/dualViewInvertedSelectivePlaneIlluminationMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
Dual-view inverted selective plane illumination microscopy is a specialized light sheet microscopy technique that allows for dual views of the samples while mounted on an inverted microscope.
- name:
dual-view inverted selective plane illumination microscopy
electrocardiography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/electrocardiography
- @type:
- definition:
Electrocardiography is a non-invasive technique used to record the electrical activity of a heart using electrodes placed on the skin. [adapted from [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrocardiography)]
- name:
electrocardiography
electrocorticography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/electrocorticography
- @type:
- definition:
‘Electrocorticography’, short ECoG, is an intracranial electroencephalography technique in which electrodes are placed (subdural or epidural) on the exposed surface of the brain to record electrical activity from the cerebral cortex.
- name:
electrocorticography
electroencephalography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/electroencephalography
- @type:
- name:
electroencephalography
electromyography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/electromyography
- @type:
- name:
electromyography
electronMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/electronMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
Electron microscopy describes any microscopy technique that uses electrons to generate contrast.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
electron microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/readable/technique/electronMicroscopy
electronTomography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/electronTomography
- @type:
- definition:
Electron tomography is a microscopy technique that takes a series of images of a thick sample at different angles (tilts) so that tomography can be applied to increase the resolution of the ticker sample.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
electron tomography
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
electrooculography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/electrooculography
- @type:
- name:
electrooculography
electroporation
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/electroporation
- @type:
- definition:
A microbiology technique in which an electrical field is applied to cells in order to increase the permeability of the cell membrane.
- description:
‘Electroporation’ is a process in which a significant increase in the electrical conductivity and permeability of the cell plasma membrane is caused by an externally applied electrical field. It is usually used in molecular biology as a way of introducing some substance into a cell, such as loading it with a molecular probe, a drug that can change the cell’s function, or a piece of coding DNA.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
electroporation
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/readable/technique/electroporation
enzymeLinkedImmunosorbentAssay
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/enzymeLinkedImmunosorbentAssay
- @type:
- definition:
The ‘enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay’ is a commonly used analytical biochemistry assay for the quantitative determination of antibodies, first described by [Engvall and Perlmann (1972)](https://www.jimmunol.org/content/109/1/129.abstract). [adapted from [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELISA)]
- description:
This immunoassay utilizes an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
epidermalElectrophysiologyTechnique
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/epidermalElectrophysiologyTechnique
- @type:
- definition:
The term ‘epidermal electrophysiology technique’ describes a subclass of non-invasive electrophysiology techniques where one or several electrodes are placed on the outermost cell layer of an organism (epidermis) to measure electrical properties.
- name:
epidermal electrophysiology technique
epiduralElectrocorticography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/epiduralElectrocorticography
- @type:
- name:
epidural electrocorticography
epifluorescentMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/epifluorescentMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
Epifluorescent microscopy comprises all widefield microscopy techniques in which fluorescent molecules of an entire sample are excited through a permanent exposure of a light source of a specific wavelength.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
epifluorescent microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/indexes/ontologies/methods/243
extracellularElectrophysiology
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/extracellularElectrophysiology
- @type:
- definition:
In ‘extracellular electrophysiology’ electrodes are inserted into living tissue, but remain outside the cells in the extracellular environment to measure or stimulate electrical activity coming from adjacent cells, usually neurons.
- name:
extracellular electrophysiology
eyeMovementTracking
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/eyeMovementTracking
- @type:
- definition:
‘Eye movement tracking’ refers to a group of techniques used to record the eye movement and/or position of a living specimen over a given period of time.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
eye movement tracking
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
fixationTechnique
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/fixationTechnique
- @type:
- definition:
Fixation is a technique to preserve specimen permanently as faithfully as possible compared to the living state.
- description:
Fixation is a two-step process in which 1) all normal life functions are terminated and 2) the structure of the tissue is stabilized (preserved). The fixation of tissue can be achieved by chemical or physical (e.g. heating, freezing) means.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
fixation technique
fluorescenceMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/fluorescenceMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
Fluorescence microscopy comprises any type of microscopy where the specimen can be made to fluoresce (emit energy as visible light), typically by illuminating it with light of specific wavelengths.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
fluorescence microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
focusedIonBeamScanningElectronMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/focusedIonBeamScanningElectronMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
Focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy is a serial section scanning electron microscopy technique where a focused ion beam is used to ablate the surface of a specimen.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/indexes/ontologies/methods/245
functionalMagneticResonanceImaging
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/functionalMagneticResonanceImaging
- @type:
- definition:
A magnetic resonance imaging technique that generates multiple images over time of some physiological processes of a specimen.
- name:
functional magnetic resonance imaging
geneExpressionMeasurement
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/geneExpressionMeasurement
- @type:
- name:
gene expression measurement
geneKnockin
metadata sheet
- @id:
- @type:
- name:
gene knockin
geneKnockout
metadata sheet
- @id:
- @type:
- name:
gene knockout
genomeWideAssociationStudy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/genomeWideAssociationStudy
- @type:
- definition:
A ‘genome-wide association study’ is an analysis technique comparing the allele frequencies of all available (or a whole genome representative set of) polymorphic markers in unrelated individuals with a specific symptom or disease condition, and those of healthy controls to identify markers associated with a specific disease or condition.
- interlexIdentifier:
- knowledgeSpaceLink:
https://knowledge-space.org/wiki/NLXINV:1005075#genome-association-studies
- name:
genome-wide association study
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
heavyMetalNegativeStaining
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/heavyMetalNegativeStaining
- @type:
- definition:
In a ‘heavy metal negative staining’, a thin and amorphous film of heavy metal salts (e.g. uranyl acetate) is applied on a sample to reveal its structural details for electron microscopy.
- name:
heavy metal negative staining
high-resolutionScanning
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/high-resolutionScanning
- @type:
- name:
high-resolution scanning
high-speedVideoRecording
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/high-speedVideoRecording
- @type:
- name:
high-speed video recording
highDensityElectroencephalography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/highDensityElectroencephalography
- @type:
- name:
high-density electroencephalography
highFieldFunctionalMagneticResonanceImaging
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/highFieldFunctionalMagneticResonanceImaging
- @type:
- name:
high-field functional magnetic resonance imaging
highFieldMagneticResonanceImaging
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/highFieldMagneticResonanceImaging
- @type:
- name:
high-field magnetic resonance imaging
highThroughputScanning
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/highThroughputScanning
- @type:
- definition:
‘High-throughput scanning’ is a technique for automatic creation of analog or digital images of a large number of samples.
- name:
high-throughput scanning
histochemistry
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/histochemistry
- @type:
- name:
histochemistry
immunohistochemistry
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/immunohistochemistry
- @type:
- definition:
In ‘immunohistochemistry’ antigens or haptens are detected and visualized in cells of a tissue sections by exploiting the principle of antibodies binding specifically to antigens in biological tissues.
- name:
immunohistochemistry
immunoprecipitation
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/immunoprecipitation
- @type:
- name:
immunoprecipitation
implantSurgery
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/implantSurgery
- @type:
- name:
implant surgery
inSituHybridisation
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/inSituHybridisation
- @type:
- name:
in situ hybridisation
infraredDifferentialInterferenceContrastVideoMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
- @type:
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
infrared differential interference contrast video microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/readable/technique/IRDIC
injection
metadata sheet
- @id:
- @type:
- name:
injection
intracellularElectrophysiology
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/intracellularElectrophysiology
- @type:
- definition:
A technique used to measure electrical properties of a single cell, e.g. a neuron.
- description:
‘Intracellular electrophysiology’ describes a group of techniques used to measure with precision the voltage across, or electrical currents passing through, neuronal or other cellular membranes by inserting an electrode inside the neuron.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
intracellular electrophysiology
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/indexes/ontologies/methods/222
intracellularInjection
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/intracellularInjection
- @type:
- name:
intracellular injection
intracranialElectroencephalography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/intracranialElectroencephalography
- @type:
- name:
intracranial electroencephalography
intraperitonealInjection
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/intraperitonealInjection
- @type:
- definition:
An ‘intraperitoneal injection’ is the administration of a substance into the peritoneum (abdominal cavity) via a needle or tube.
- name:
intraperitoneal injection
intravenousInjection
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/intravenousInjection
- @type:
- definition:
An ‘intravenous injection’ is the administration of a substance into a vein or veins via a needle or tube.
- name:
intravenous injection
iontophoresis
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/iontophoresis
- @type:
- name:
iontophoresis
iontophoreticMicroinjection
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/iontophoreticMicroinjection
- @type:
- name:
iontophoretic microinjection
lightMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/lightMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
Light microscopy, also referred to as optical microscopy, comprises any type of microscopy technique that uses visible light to generate magnified images of small objects.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
light microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
lightSheetFluorescenceMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/lightSheetFluorescenceMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
Lightsheet fluorescence microscopy is a fluorescence microscopy technique that uses a thin sheet of light to excite only fluorophores within the plane of illumination.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
light sheet fluorescence microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/readable/technique/lightSheetMicroscopyFluorescent
magneticResonanceImaging
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/magneticResonanceImaging
- @type:
- definition:
Any medical imaging technique that uses strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio waves to generate images of a specimen based on the principle of nuclear magnetic resonance.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
magnetic resonance imaging
magneticResonanceSpectroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/magneticResonanceSpectroscopy
- @type:
- name:
magnetic resonance spectroscopy
magnetizationTransferImaging
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/magnetizationTransferImaging
- @type:
- definition:
A magnetic resonance imaging technique that exploits the contrast between tissues where 1H protons are (i) bound to macromolecules, (ii) in free water, and (iii) in water of hydration layer between macromolecules and free water.
- name:
magnetization transfer imaging
magnetoencephalography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/magnetoencephalography
- @type:
- definition:
‘Magnetoencephalography’ is a noninvasive neuroimaging technique for studying brain activity by recording magnetic fields produced by electrical currents occurring naturally in the brain, using very sensitive magnetometers. [adapted from [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetoencephalography)]
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
magnetoencephalography
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/indexes/ontologies/methods/163
massSpectrometry
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/massSpectrometry
- @type:
- name:
mass spectrometry
microComputedTomography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/microComputedTomography
- @type:
- definition:
‘Micro computed tomography’ uses X-rays to create cross-sections of physical objects with resolution in the micrometer range that can be used to recreate 3-dimensional models [adapted from [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_microtomography)].
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
micro computed tomography
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
microtomeSectioning
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/microtomeSectioning
- @type:
- definition:
A technique used to cut specimen in thin slices using a microtome.
- description:
The microtome cutting thickness can range between 50 nanometer and 100 micrometer.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
microtome sectioning
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/indexes/ontologies/methods/212
motionCapture
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/motionCapture
- @type:
- definition:
‘Motion capture’ refers to a group of techniques used to measure the movement and/or position of an object, specimen, or anatomical parts of a specimen over a given period of time.
- name:
motion capture
multi-compartmentModeling
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/multi-compartmentModeling
- @type:
- name:
multi-compartment modeling
multiElectrodeExtracellularElectrophysiology
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/multiElectrodeExtracellularElectrophysiology
- @type:
- name:
multi-electrode extracellular electrophysiology
multiPhotonFluorescenceMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/multiPhotonFluorescenceMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
Multi photon fluorescence microscopy is a fluorescence microscopy technique for living tissue which is based on the simultaneous excitation by two or more photons with longer wavelength than the emitted light.
- name:
multi photon fluorescence microscopy
multipleWholeCellPatchClamp
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/multipleWholeCellPatchClamp
- @type:
- name:
multiple whole cell patch clamp
myelinStaining
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/myelinStaining
- @type:
- definition:
A technique used to selectively alter the appearance of myelin (sheaths) that surround the nerve cell axons.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
myelin staining
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
myelinWaterImaging
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/myelinWaterImaging
- @type:
- definition:
A magnetic resonance imaging technique that provides in vivo measurement of myelin.
- name:
myelin water imaging
nearInfraredSpectroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/nearInfraredSpectroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
A noninvasive technique that uses the differential absorption properties of hemoglobin and myoglobin to evaluate tissue oxygenation and indirectly can measure regional hemodynamics and blood flow [taken from [Interlex](http://uri.interlex.org/base/ilx_0488397)].
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
near infrared spectroscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
neuromorphicSimulation
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/neuromorphicSimulation
- @type:
- name:
neuromorphic simulation
nonlinearOpticalMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/nonlinearOpticalMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
Microscopic imaging techniques that utilize nonlinear responses of light-matter interactions which occur with high-intensity illumination, such as from lasers, and specialized light signal detection instrumentation to produce images without the need for dyes or fluorescent labels. [taken from [Interlex](http://uri.interlex.org/base/ilx_0436517)].
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
nonlinear optical microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
nucleicAcidExtraction
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/nucleicAcidExtraction
- @type:
- definition:
‘Nucleic acid extraction’ refers to a group of techniques that all separate nucleic acids from proteins and lipids using three major processes: isolation, purification, and concentration.
- name:
nucleic acid extraction
opticalCoherenceTomography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/opticalCoherenceTomography
- @type:
- definition:
Imaging technique that combines interferometry with short-coherence-length light to obtain micrometer-level depth resolution. Transverse scanning of the light beam is used to form two- and three-dimensional images, reflected from biological tissue or scattering media [Adapted from [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_coherence_tomography)].
- name:
optical coherence tomography
opticalCoherenceTomographyAngiography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/opticalCoherenceTomographyAngiography
- @type:
- definition:
Imaging technique that uses laser light reflectance of the surface from moving red blood cells to create detailed images of blood vessels over time [Adapted from [EyeWiki](https://eyewiki.aao.org/Optical_Coherence_Tomography_Angiography)].
- name:
optical coherence tomography angiography
optogeneticInhibition
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/optogeneticInhibition
- @type:
- definition:
Optogenetic inhibition is a genetic technique in which the activity of specific neuron populations is decreased using light of a particular wavelength. This can be achieved by expressing light-sensitive ion channels, pumps or enzymes specifically in the target neurons.
- name:
optogenetic inhibition
oralAdministration
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/oralAdministration
- @type:
- definition:
In an ‘oral administration’ a substance is taken through the mouth.
- name:
oral administration
organExtraction
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/organExtraction
- @type:
- name:
organ extraction
patchClamp
metadata sheet
- @id:
- @type:
- name:
patch clamp
perfusionFixationTechnique
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/perfusionFixationTechnique
- @type:
- definition:
Perfusion fixation is a fixation technique to preserve specimen permanently as faithfully as possible compared to the living state by using the vascular system to distribute fixatives throughout the tissue.
- name:
perfusion fixation technique
perfusionTechnique
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/perfusionTechnique
- @type:
- definition:
Perfusion is a technique to distribute fluid through the circulatory system or lymphatic system to an organ or a tissue.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
perfusion technique
perturbationalComplexityIndexMeasurement
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/perturbationalComplexityIndexMeasurement
- @type:
- name:
perturbational complexity index measurement
phaseContrastMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/phaseContrastMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
Optical microscopy technique that converts phase shifts in light passing through a transparent specimen to brightness changes in the image [taken from [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-contrast_microscopy)].
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
phase contrast microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/indexes/ontologies/methods/158
phaseContrastXRayComputedTomography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/phaseContrastXRayComputedTomography
- @type:
- definition:
‘Phase-contrast x-ray computed tomography’ is a non-invasive x-ray imaging technique for three-dimensional observation of organic matter without application of a contrast medium ([Momose, Takeda, and Itai (1995)](https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1145931)).
- name:
phase‐contrast x‐ray computed tomography
phaseContrastXRayImaging
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/phaseContrastXRayImaging
- @type:
- definition:
‘Phase-contrast x-ray imaging’ is a general term for different x-ray techniques that use changes in the phase of an x-ray beam passing through an object leading to images with improved soft tissue contrast without the application of a contrast medium. (adapted from [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-contrast_X-ray_imaging))
- name:
phase-contrast x-ray imaging
photoactivation
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/photoactivation
- @type:
- name:
photoactivation
photoinactivation
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/photoinactivation
- @type:
- name:
photoinactivation
photoplethysmography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/photoplethysmography
- @type:
- definition:
Photoplethysmography is a non-invasive technique to optically detect blood volume changes in the micro-vascular bed of tissue by measuring the transmissive absorption and/or the reflection of light by the skin.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
photoplethysmography
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
polarizedLightMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/polarizedLightMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
Polarized light microscopy comprises all optical microscopy techniques involving polarized light.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
polarized light microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
populationReceptiveFieldMapping
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/populationReceptiveFieldMapping
- @type:
- name:
population receptive field mapping
positronEmissionTomography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/positronEmissionTomography
- @type:
- name:
positron emission tomography
pressureInjection
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/pressureInjection
- @type:
- definition:
Pressure injection uses either air compression or mechanical pressure to eject a substance from a micropipette (from Veith et al., 2016; J.Vis.Exp. (109):53724; doi: 10.3791/53724).
- name:
pressure injection
primaryAntibodyStaining
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/primaryAntibodyStaining
- @type:
- name:
primary antibody staining
pseudoContinuousArterialSpinLabeling
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/pseudoContinuousArterialSpinLabeling
- @type:
- name:
pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling
psychologicalTesting
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/psychologicalTesting
- @type:
- definition:
‘Psychological testing’ is a psychometric measurement to evaluate a person’s response to a psychological test according to carefully prescribed guidelines. [adapted from [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_testing)]
- name:
psychological testing
pupillometry
metadata sheet
- @id:
- @type:
- definition:
Pupillometry is the measurement of minute fluctuations in pupil diameter in response to a stimulus.
- name:
pupillometry
quantification
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/quantification
- @type:
- name:
quantification
quantitativeMagneticResonanceImaging
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/quantitativeMagneticResonanceImaging
- @type:
- definition:
Any magnetic resonance imaging technique that generates images of a specimen based on the physical parameters of the local tissue microstructural environment.
- name:
quantitative magnetic resonance imaging
quantitativeSusceptibilityMapping
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/quantitativeSusceptibilityMapping
- @type:
- definition:
MRI technique, where the voxel intensity is linear proportional to the underlying tissue [adapted from [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantitative_susceptibility_mapping)].
- name:
quantitative susceptibility mapping
receptiveFieldMapping
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/receptiveFieldMapping
- @type:
- definition:
In ‘receptive field mapping’ a distinct set of physiological stimuli is used to evoke a sensory neuronal response in specific organisms to define its respective sensory space (receptive field).
- name:
receptive field mapping
reporterGeneBasedExpressionMeasurement
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/reporterGeneBasedExpressionMeasurement
- @type:
- name:
reporter gene based expression measurement
reporterProteinBasedExpressionMeasurement
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/reporterProteinBasedExpressionMeasurement
- @type:
- name:
reporter protein based expression measurement
retinotopicMapping
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/retinotopicMapping
- @type:
- definition:
In ‘retinotopic mapping’ the retina is repeatedly stimulated in such a way that the response of neurons, particularly within the visual stream, can be mapped to the location of the stimulus on the retina.
- name:
retinotopic mapping
retrogradeTracing
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/retrogradeTracing
- @type:
- definition:
Retrograde tracing is a technique used to trace neural connections from their point of termination (the synapse) to their source (the cell body).
- description:
In ‘retrograde tracing’ a tracer substance is taken up by synaptic terminals (and sometimes by axons) of neurons in the region where it is injected. Retrograde tracing techniques allow for a detailed assessment of neuronal connections between a target population of neurons and their inputs throughout the nervous system.
- name:
retrograde tracing
rule-basedModeling
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/rule-basedModeling
- @type:
- name:
rule-based modeling
scanningElectronMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/scanningElectronMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
Scanning electron microscopy is a microscopy technique to produce images of a specimen by scanning the surface with focused beam of electrons.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
scanning electron microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/readable/technique/scanningElectronMicroscopy
scatteredLightImaging
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/scatteredLightImaging
- @type:
- name:
scattered light imaging
secondaryAntibodyStaining
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/secondaryAntibodyStaining
- @type:
- name:
secondary antibody staining
serialBlockFaceScanningElectronMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/serialBlockFaceScanningElectronMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
Serial block face scanning electron microscopy is a serial section scanning electron microscopy technique where an ultramicrotome is used to remove the surface layer of a specimen.
- name:
serial block face scanning electron microscopy
serialSectionTransmissionElectronMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/serialSectionTransmissionElectronMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
Serial section transmission electron microscopy is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through multiple successive slices of a volumetric sample to produce images of the slices (e.g. for later 3D reconstruction).
- name:
serial section transmission electron microscopy
sharpElectrodeIntracellularElectrophysiology
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/sharpElectrodeIntracellularElectrophysiology
- @type:
- definition:
An intracellular electrophysiology technique where a microelectrode/micropipette is used to measure electrical properties of a single cell, e.g. a neuron.
- description:
This technique uses a fine-tipped micropipette/microelectrode that is inserted into the neuron, allowing direct recording of electrical events generated by the neuron (membrane potential, resistance, time constant, synaptic potentials and action potentials).
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
sharp electrode intracellular electrophysiology
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/readable/technique/sharpElectrodeEphys
silverStaining
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/silverStaining
- @type:
- definition:
A technique where the appearance of biological subcellular targets (e.g. proteins, RNA or DNA) is selectively alter by use of silver.
- description:
Silver can be used to stain subcellular targets such as proteins, peptide, carbohydrates, RNA or DNA. This techniques is typically used on histological sections prior to light microscopy, for the detection of proteins and peptides in polyacrylamide gels or gel electrophoresis.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
silver staining
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
simulation
metadata sheet
- @id:
- @type:
- name:
simulation
singleCellRNASequencing
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/singleCellRNASequencing
- @type:
- name:
single cell RNA sequencing
singleElectrodeExtracellularElectrophysiology
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/singleElectrodeExtracellularElectrophysiology
- @type:
- name:
single electrode extracellular electrophysiology
singleElectrodeJuxtacellularElectrophysiology
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/singleElectrodeJuxtacellularElectrophysiology
- @type:
- name:
single electrode juxtacellular electrophysiology
singleGeneAnalysis
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/singleGeneAnalysis
- @type:
- definition:
A ‘single gene analysis’ is a genetic test (sequencing technique) to check for any genetic changes in a specific gene.
- name:
single gene analysis
singleNucleotidePolymorphismDetection
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/singleNucleotidePolymorphismDetection
- @type:
- definition:
‘Single nucleotide polymorphism detection’ refers to a group of techniques that are used to scan for new polymorphisms and to determine the allele(s) of a known polymorphism in target sequences (adapted from [Kwok and Chen, 2003](https://doi.org/10.21775/cimb.005.043)).
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
single nucleotide polymorphism detection
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
sodiumMRI
metadata sheet
- @id:
- @type:
- definition:
‘Sodium MRI’ is a specialised magnetic resonance imaging technique that uses strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio waves to generate images of the distribution of sodium in the body. [adapted from [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_MRI)]
- name:
sodium MRI
sonography
metadata sheet
- @id:
- @type:
- name:
sonography
standardization
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/standardization
- @type:
- definition:
‘Standardization’ is the process of providing (meta)data according to a consensus of different parties (e.g., firms, users, interest groups, organizations and governments).
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
standardization
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
stereoelectroencephalography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/stereoelectroencephalography
- @type:
- definition:
In ‘stereoelectroencephalography’ depth electrodes (typically linear electrode arrays) are stereotactically implanted in the brain of a subject in order to record or stimulate electrographic activity of otherwise inaccessible brain regions. [cf. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereoelectroencephalography), or [Gholipour et al. 2020](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2019.105640)]
- name:
stereoelectroencephalography
stereology
metadata sheet
- @id:
- @type:
- definition:
An imaging assay that is used for the three-dimensional interpretation of planar sections of materials or tissues.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
stereology
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/indexes/ontologies/methods/79
stereotacticSurgery
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/stereotacticSurgery
- @type:
- name:
stereotactic surgery
structuralMagneticResonanceImaging
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/structuralMagneticResonanceImaging
- @type:
- definition:
A magnetic resonance imaging technique that uses strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio waves to generate images with static information of the scanned body.
- name:
structural magnetic resonance imaging
structuralNeuroimaging
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/structuralNeuroimaging
- @type:
- name:
structural neuroimaging
subcutaneousInjection
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/subcutaneousInjection
- @type:
- definition:
An ‘subcutenous injection’ is the administration of a substance under all the layers of the skin via a needle or tube.
- name:
subcutaneous injection
subduralElectrocorticography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/subduralElectrocorticography
- @type:
- name:
subdural electrocorticography
superResolutionMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/superResolutionMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
Techniques in optical microscopy that allow images to have resolutions higher than those imposed by the diffraction limit, due to the diffraction of light [taken from [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super-resolution_microscopy)].
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
super resolution microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/indexes/ontologies/methods/218
susceptibilityWeightedImaging
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/susceptibilityWeightedImaging
- @type:
- definition:
MRI sequence, used with fully flow compensated, long echo, gradient recalled echo (GRE) pulse sequence. Acquires images sensitive to venous blood, hemorrhage and iron storage. [adapted from [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susceptibility_weighted_imaging)].
- name:
susceptibility weighted imaging
tetrodeExtracellularElectrophysiology
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/tetrodeExtracellularElectrophysiology
- @type:
- name:
tetrode extracellular electrophysiology
time-of-flightMagneticResonanceAngiography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/time-of-flightMagneticResonanceAngiography
- @type:
- definition:
‘Time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography’ is a non-invasive, non-contrast-enhanced technique used to visualize both arterial and venous vessels with high spatial resolution. Note: it provides no information regarding directionality nor flow velocity quantification. [adapted from: [Ferreira and Ramalho, 2013](https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118434550.ch7)]
- name:
time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography
tissueClearing
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/tissueClearing
- @type:
- name:
tissue clearing
tractTracing
metadata sheet
- @id:
- @type:
- name:
tract tracing
transcardialPerfusionFixationTechnique
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/transcardialPerfusionFixationTechnique
- @type:
- definition:
Transcardial perfusion fixation is a technique to distribute fixatives throughout tissue via the heart.
- name:
transcardial perfusion fixation technique
transcardialPerfusionTechnique
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/transcardialPerfusionTechnique
- @type:
- definition:
Transcardial perfusion is a technique to distribute fluid throughout tissue via the heart.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
transcardial perfusion technique
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/indexes/ontologies/methods/167
transmissionElectronMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/transmissionElectronMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
Transmission electron microscopy is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to produce an image.
- name:
transmission electron microscopy
twoPhotonFluorescenceMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/twoPhotonFluorescenceMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
Two-photon fluorescence microscopy is a fluorescence microscopy technique for living tissue which is based on the simultaneous excitation by two photons with longer wavelength than the emitted light.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
two-photon fluorescence microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/readable/technique/twoPhoton
ultraHighFieldFunctionalMagneticResonanceImaging
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/ultraHighFieldFunctionalMagneticResonanceImaging
- @type:
- definition:
‘Ultra high-field functional magnetic resonance imaging’ comprises all functional MRI techniques conducted with a MRI scanner with a magnetic field strength equal or above 7 Tesla.
- name:
ultra high-field functional magnetic resonance imaging
ultraHighFieldMagneticResonanceImaging
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/ultraHighFieldMagneticResonanceImaging
- @type:
- definition:
‘Ultra high-field magnetic resonance imaging’ comprises all structural MRI techniques conducted with a MRI scanner with a magnetic field strength equal or above 7 Tesla.
- name:
ultra high-field magnetic resonance imaging
ultraHighFieldMagneticResonanceSpectroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/ultraHighFieldMagneticResonanceSpectroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
‘Ultra high-field magnetic resonance spectroscopy’ comprises all MRS techniques conducted with a MRI scanner with a magnetic field strength equal or above 7 Tesla.
- name:
ultra high-field magnetic resonance spectroscopy
vibratomeSectioning
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/vibratomeSectioning
- @type:
- name:
vibratome sectioning
video-oculography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/video-oculography
- @type:
- name:
video-oculography
videoTracking
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/videoTracking
- @type:
- name:
video tracking
virus-mediatedTransfection
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/virus-mediatedTransfection
- @type:
- name:
virus-mediated transfection
voltageClamp
metadata sheet
- @id:
- @type:
- definition:
‘Voltage clamp’ comprises all experimental techniques in which the membrane potential (voltage) is constantly changed to a desired value by adding the necessary current to the cell.
- name:
voltage clamp
voltageSensitiveDyeImaging
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/voltageSensitiveDyeImaging
- @type:
- definition:
‘Voltage sensitive dye imaging’ is an experimental technique to measure neuronal population activity from in vivo brains or live brain slices by transducing changes in the cell membrane potential into changes of fluorescence emission by an employed exogenous chemical agent.
- name:
voltage sensitive dye imaging
weightedCorrelationNetworkAnalysis
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/weightedCorrelationNetworkAnalysis
- @type:
- definition:
Weighted correlation network analysis is a widely used data mining method for studying networks based on pairwise correlations between variables. While it can be applied to most high-dimensional data sets, it has been most widely used in genomic applications. [adopted from: [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weighted_correlation_network_analysis)]
- name:
weighted correlation network analysis
wholeCellPatchClamp
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/wholeCellPatchClamp
- @type:
- definition:
‘Whole cell patch clamp’ is a patch clamp technique where the pipette is sealed onto a cell membrane applying enough suction to rupture the membrane patch in order to provide access from the interior of the pipette to the intracellular space of the cell.
- name:
whole cell patch clamp
wholeGenomeSequencing
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/wholeGenomeSequencing
- @type:
- definition:
‘Whole genome sequencing’ is a genetic test (sequencing technique) to determine the entire, or nearly the entire, DNA sequence of an organism’s genome at a single time. [adapted from [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whole_genome_sequencing)]
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
whole genome sequencing
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
widefieldFluorescenceMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/widefieldFluorescenceMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
‘Widefield fluorescence microscopy’ comprises all microscopy techniques in which fluorescent molecules of an entire sample are excited through a permanent exposure of a light source of a specific wavelength.
- name:
widefield fluorescence microscopy