Terminologies: Technique library
Related schema specification: Technique
3DPolarizedLightImaging
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/3DPolarizedLightImaging
- @type:
- definition:
‘3D polarized light imaging’ (synonym: 3D-PLI) is a 3D reconstruction process of high-resoluted image data originating from polorized light microscopy.
- name:
3D polarized light imaging
3DScanning
metadata sheet
- @id:
- @type:
- name:
3D scanning
CLARITY_TDE
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/CLARITY_TDE
- @type:
- name:
CLARITY/TDE
DABStaining
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/DABStaining
- @type:
- definition:
In a ‘DAB staining’, the organic compound DAB (3, 3’-diaminobenzidine) is oxidized in presence of peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide resulting in deposition of a brown, alcohol-insoluble precipitate which can be used in immunohistochemical and blotting applications.
- name:
DAB staining
DAPiStaining
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/DAPiStaining
- @type:
- definition:
A nuclear-specific staining technique where DAPi (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) is used as a dye.
- description:
DAPi, or 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, is a blue fluorescent dye that bind strongly to adenine-thymine (AT) rich regions in DNA. It is used extensively in fluorescence microscopy and can be used on both fixated and living cells.
- name:
DAPi staining
GolgiStaining
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/GolgiStaining
- @type:
- definition:
‘Golgi staining’ includes several silver staining techniques in which fixed tissue is impregnated with silver nitrate and potassium dichromate resulting in the complete staining of some nerve cells while other cells are not stained at all. [adapted from InterLex](http://uri.interlex.org/ilx_0104713)
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
Golgi staining
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
HEStaining
metadata sheet
- @id:
- @type:
- definition:
An ‘H&E staining’ combines the two histological stains hematoxylin and eosin which highlight a large portion of microscopic anatomy in a tissue. It is therefore the most widely used stain in medical and histopathological diagnosis.
- name:
H&E staining
HoechstStaining
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/HoechstStaining
- @type:
- definition:
A nuclear-specific staining technique where a Hoechst dye is used.
- description:
Hoechst dyes are part of a family of blue fluorescent dye that bind to DNA. It acts similarly as DAPi and can also be used on both fixated and living cells.
- name:
Hoechst staining
NisslStaining
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/NisslStaining
- @type:
- definition:
The term ‘Nissl staining’ refers to various basic dyes (e.g., aniline, thionine, cresyl violet) that selectively label negatively charged molecules (e.g., DNA, RNA) and are therefore typically used to highlight important structural features of cell bodies.
- name:
Nissl staining
SDSDigestedFreezeFractureReplicaLabeling
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/SDSDigestedFreezeFractureReplicaLabeling
- @type:
- name:
SDS-digested freeze-fracture replica labeling
SWITCHImmunohistochemistry
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/SWITCHImmunohistochemistry
- @type:
- name:
SWITCH immunohistochemistry
T1PulseSequence
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/T1PulseSequence
- @type:
- definition:
In magnetic resonance imaging, a ‘T1 pulse sequence’ is a contrasting technique that allows the magnetization of the specimen or object to recover (spin-lattice relaxation) before measuring the magnetic resonance signal by changing the repetition time. [adapted from [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRI_sequence)]
- name:
T1 pulse sequence
T2PulseSequence
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/T2PulseSequence
- @type:
- definition:
In magnetic resonance imaging, a ‘T2 pulse sequence’ is a contrasting technique that allows the magnetization of the specimen or object to decay (spin-spin relaxation) before measuring the magnetic resonance signal by changing the echo time. [adapted from [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRI_sequence)]
- name:
T2 pulse sequence
TDEClearing
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/TDEClearing
- @type:
- name:
TDE clearing
TimmsStaining
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/TimmsStaining
- @type:
- definition:
A technique used to selectively visualize a variety of metals (e.g. zinc, copper, iron) in biological tissue based on sulphide-precipitation of metals in the tissue.
- description:
The principle of this technique is that metals in the tissue can be transformed histochemically to metal sulphide. Subsequently, metal sulphide catalyze the reduction of silver ions by a reducing agent to metallic grains that are visible under a light or electron microscope.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
Timm’s staining
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
activityModulationTechnique
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/activityModulationTechnique
- @type:
- name:
activity modulation technique
anaesthesiaAdministration
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/anaesthesiaAdministration
- @type:
- name:
anaesthesia administration
anaesthesiaMonitoring
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/anaesthesiaMonitoring
- @type:
- name:
anaesthesia monitoring
anaesthesiaTechnique
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/anaesthesiaTechnique
- @type:
- name:
anaesthesia technique
anterogradeTracing
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/anterogradeTracing
- @type:
- definition:
Anterograde tracing is a technique used to trace axonal projections from their source (the cell body or soma) to their point of termination (the synapse).
- description:
Anterograde tracers are taken up by neuronal cell bodies at the injection site and travel to the axon terminals. Anterograde tracing techniques allow for a detailed assessment of neuronal connections between a target population of neurons and their outputs throughout the nervous system.
- name:
anterograde tracing
autoradiography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/autoradiography
- @type:
- definition:
‘Autoradiography’ is a photography technique that creates images of a radioactive source (e.g., molecules or fragments of molecules that have been radioactively labeled) by the direct exposure to an imaging media (e.g., X-ray film or nuclear emulsion)
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
autoradiography
avidinBiotinComplexStaining
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/avidinBiotinComplexStaining
- @type:
- name:
avidin-biotin complex staining
beta-galactosidaseStaining
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/beta-galactosidaseStaining
- @type:
- name:
beta-galactosidase staining
biocytinStaining
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/biocytinStaining
- @type:
- definition:
In ‘biocytin staining’ the chemical compound biocytin is used to highlight morphological details of nerve cells.
- description:
Biocytin staining is a technique commonly used in combination with intracellular electrophysiology for post-hoc recovery of morphological details of the studied neurons. For this, the chemical compound biocytin is included in the electrode in order to fill the studied cell. It allows for the visualisation of the dendritic arborization and the regions targeted by the axons of the studied neurons.
- name:
biocytin staining
bloodSampling
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/bloodSampling
- @type:
- definition:
‘Blood sampling’ is the process of obtaining blood from a body for purpose of medical diagnosis and/or evaluation of an indication for treatment, further medical tests or other procedures.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
blood sampling
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
brightfieldMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/brightfieldMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
Brightfield microscopy is an optical microscopy techniques, in which illumination light is transmitted through the sample and the contrast is generated by the absorption of light in dense areas of the specimen.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
brightfield microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/indexes/ontologies/methods/238
calciumImaging
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/calciumImaging
- @type:
- name:
calcium imaging
callosotomy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/callosotomy
- @type:
- name:
callosotomy
cellAttachedPatchClamp
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/cellAttachedPatchClamp
- @type:
- definition:
‘Cell-attached patch clamp’ is an intracellular electrophysiology technique that fully preserves the intracellular integrity by forming a megaohm or gigaohm seal, leaving the cell membrane intact.
- description:
Cell-attached patch clamp is a patch clamp recording technique used in electrophysiology in which the intracellular integrity of the cell is preserved. Patches are formed using either a ‘loose seal’ (mega ohm resistance) or a ‘tight seal’ (giga ohm resistance) without rupturing the cell membrane. A loose seal is used for recording action potential currents, whereas a tight seal is required for evoking action potentials in the attached cell and for recording resting and synaptic potentials.
- name:
cell attached patch clamp
computerTomography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/computerTomography
- @type:
- definition:
‘Computer tomogoraphy’ is a noninvasive medical imaging technique where a computer generates multiple X-ray scans to obtain detailed internal 3D image of the body.
- name:
computer tomography
confocalMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/confocalMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
Confocal microscopy is a specialized fluorescence microscopy technique that uses pinholes to reject out-of-focus light.
- description:
Confocal microscopy focuses light onto a defined spot at a specific depth within a fluorescent sample to eliminate out-of-focus glare, and increase resolution and contrast in the micrographs.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
confocal microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/indexes/ontologies/methods/157
contrastAgentAdministration
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/contrastAgentAdministration
- @type:
- definition:
A ‘contrast agent administration’ is a (typically) oral or intraveneous administration of a chemical compound to improve the visibility of internal body structures of a subject in a subsequent imaging technique.
- name:
contrast agent administration
contrastEnhancement
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/contrastEnhancement
- @type:
- name:
contrast enhancement
cortico-corticalEvokedPotentialMapping
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/cortico-corticalEvokedPotentialMapping
- @type:
- definition:
Cortico-cortical evoked potential (CCEP) mapping is used to identify the effective connectivity between distinct neuronal populations based on multiple CCEP measurements across (parts of) the brain in response to direct electrical stimulation (typically at various locations).
- name:
cortico-cortical evoked potential mapping
craniotomy
metadata sheet
- @id:
- @type:
- name:
craniotomy
cryosectioning
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/cryosectioning
- @type:
- definition:
Cutting of specimen in cryo/freezing conditions typically resulting in micromillimeter thin slices.
- name:
cryosectioning
currentClamp
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/currentClamp
- @type:
- definition:
Current clamp is a technique in which the amount of current injected into the cell is controlled, which allows for the detection of changes in the transmembrane voltage resulting from ion channel activity.
- name:
current clamp
diffusionFixationTechnique
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/diffusionFixationTechnique
- @type:
- definition:
Diffusion fixation is a fixation technique to preserve specimen permanently as faithfully as possible compared to the living state by submerging specimen in a fixative.
- name:
diffusion fixation technique
diffusionTensorImaging
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/diffusionTensorImaging
- @type:
- name:
diffusion tensor imaging
diffusionWeightedImaging
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/diffusionWeightedImaging
- @type:
- name:
diffusion-weighted imaging
dualViewInvertedSelectivePlaneIlluminationMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
- @type:
- definition:
Dual-view inverted selective plane illumination microscopy is a specialized light sheet microscopy technique that allows for dual views of the samples while mounted on an inverted microscope.
- name:
dual-view inverted selective plane illumination microscopy
echoPlanarPulseSequence
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/echoPlanarPulseSequence
- @type:
- definition:
In magnetic resonance imaging, a ‘echo-planar pulse sequence’ is a contrasting technique where each radio frequency field (RF) excitation is followed by a train of gradient echoes with different spatial encoding allowing for very rapid scanning. [adapted from [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics_of_magnetic_resonance_imaging#Echo-planar_imaging)]
- name:
echo planar pulse sequence
electrocardiography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/electrocardiography
- @type:
- definition:
Electrocardiography is a non-invasive technique used to record the electrical activity of a heart using electrodes placed on the skin. [adapted from [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrocardiography)]
- name:
electrocardiography
electrocorticography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/electrocorticography
- @type:
- definition:
‘Electrocorticography’, short ECoG, is an intracranial electroencephalography technique in which electrodes are placed (subdural or epidural) on the exposed surface of the brain to record electrical activity from the cerebral cortex.
- name:
electrocorticography
electroencephalography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/electroencephalography
- @type:
- name:
electroencephalography
electromyography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/electromyography
- @type:
- name:
electromyography
electronMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/electronMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
Electron microscopy describes any microscopy technique that uses electrons to generate contrast.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
electron microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/readable/technique/electronMicroscopy
electronTomography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/electronTomography
- @type:
- definition:
Electron tomography is a microscopy technique that takes a series of images of a thick sample at different angles (tilts) so that tomography can be applied to increase the resolution of the ticker sample.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
electron tomography
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
electrooculography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/electrooculography
- @type:
- name:
electrooculography
electroporation
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/electroporation
- @type:
- definition:
A microbiology technique in which an electrical field is applied to cells in order to increase the permeability of the cell membrane.
- description:
‘Electroporation’ is a process in which a significant increase in the electrical conductivity and permeability of the cell plasma membrane is caused by an externally applied electrical field. It is usually used in molecular biology as a way of introducing some substance into a cell, such as loading it with a molecular probe, a drug that can change the cell’s function, or a piece of coding DNA.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
electroporation
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/readable/technique/electroporation
epidermalElectrophysiologyTechnique
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/epidermalElectrophysiologyTechnique
- @type:
- definition:
The term ‘epidermal electrophysiology technique’ describes a subclass of non-invasive electrophysiology techniques where one or several electrodes are placed on the outermost cell layer of an organism (epidermis) to measure electrical properties.
- name:
epidermal electrophysiology technique
epiduralElectrocorticography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/epiduralElectrocorticography
- @type:
- name:
epidural electrocorticography
epifluorescentMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/epifluorescentMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
Epifluorescent microscopy comprises all widefield microscopy techniques in which fluorescent molecules of an entire sample are excited through a permanent exposure of a light source of a specific wavelength.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
epifluorescent microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/indexes/ontologies/methods/243
extracellularElectrophysiology
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/extracellularElectrophysiology
- @type:
- definition:
In ‘extracellular electrophysiology’ electrodes are inserted into living tissue, but remain outside the cells in the extracellular environment to measure or stimulate electrical activity coming from adjacent cells, usually neurons.
- name:
extracellular electrophysiology
fixationTechnique
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/fixationTechnique
- @type:
- definition:
Fixation is a technique to preserve specimen permanently as faithfully as possible compared to the living state.
- description:
Fixation is a two-step process in which 1) all normal life functions are terminated and 2) the structure of the tissue is stabilized (preserved). The fixation of tissue can be achieved by chemical or physical (e.g. heating, freezing) means.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
fixation technique
fluorescenceMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/fluorescenceMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
Fluorescence microscopy comprises any type of microscopy where the specimen can be made to fluoresce (emit energy as visible light), typically by illuminating it with light of specific wavelengths.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
fluorescence microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
focusedIonBeamScanningElectronMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/focusedIonBeamScanningElectronMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
Focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy is a serial section scanning electron microscopy technique where a focused ion beam is used to ablate the surface of a specimen.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/indexes/ontologies/methods/245
functionalMagneticResonanceImaging
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/functionalMagneticResonanceImaging
- @type:
- name:
functional magnetic resonance imaging
geneKnockin
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/geneKnockin
- @type:
- name:
gene knockin
geneKnockout
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/geneKnockout
- @type:
- name:
gene knockout
gradientEchoPulseSequence
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/gradientEchoPulseSequence
- @type:
- definition:
In magnetic resonance imaging, a ‘gradient-echo pulse sequence’ is a contrast generation technique that rapidly induces bulk changes in the spin magnetization of a sample by applying a series of carefully constructed pulses so that the change in the gradient of the magnetic field is maximized, trading contrast for speed (cf. [Hargreaves (2012)](https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.23742)).
- name:
gradient-echo pulse sequence
heavyMetalNegativeStaining
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/heavyMetalNegativeStaining
- @type:
- definition:
In a ‘heavy metal negative staining’, a thin and amorphous film of heavy metal salts (e.g. uranyl acetate) is applied on a sample to reveal its structural details for electron microscopy.
- name:
heavy metal negative staining
high-resolutionScanning
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/high-resolutionScanning
- @type:
- name:
high-resolution scanning
high-speedVideoRecording
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/high-speedVideoRecording
- @type:
- name:
high-speed video recording
highDensityElectroencephalography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/highDensityElectroencephalography
- @type:
- name:
high-density electroencephalography
highFieldFunctionalMagneticResonanceImaging
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/highFieldFunctionalMagneticResonanceImaging
- @type:
- name:
high-field functional magnetic resonance imaging
highFieldMagneticResonanceImaging
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/highFieldMagneticResonanceImaging
- @type:
- name:
high-field magnetic resonance imaging
highThroughputScanning
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/highThroughputScanning
- @type:
- definition:
‘High-throughput scanning’ is a technique for automatic creation of analog or digital images of a large number of samples.
- name:
high-throughput scanning
histochemistry
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/histochemistry
- @type:
- name:
histochemistry
immunohistochemistry
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/immunohistochemistry
- @type:
- definition:
In ‘immunohistochemistry’ antigens or haptens are detected and visualized in cells of a tissue sections by exploiting the principle of antibodies binding specifically to antigens in biological tissues.
- name:
immunohistochemistry
immunoprecipitation
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/immunoprecipitation
- @type:
- name:
immunoprecipitation
implantSurgery
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/implantSurgery
- @type:
- name:
implant surgery
inSituHybridisation
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/inSituHybridisation
- @type:
- name:
in situ hybridisation
infraredDifferentialInterferenceContrastVideoMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
- @type:
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
infrared differential interference contrast video microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/readable/technique/IRDIC
injection
metadata sheet
- @id:
- @type:
- name:
injection
intracellularElectrophysiology
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/intracellularElectrophysiology
- @type:
- definition:
A technique used to measure electrical properties of a single cell, e.g. a neuron.
- description:
‘Intracellular electrophysiology’ describes a group of techniques used to measure with precision the voltage across, or electrical currents passing through, neuronal or other cellular membranes by inserting an electrode inside the neuron.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
intracellular electrophysiology
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/indexes/ontologies/methods/222
intracellularInjection
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/intracellularInjection
- @type:
- name:
intracellular injection
intracranialElectroencephalography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/intracranialElectroencephalography
- @type:
- name:
intracranial electroencephalography
intraperitonealInjection
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/intraperitonealInjection
- @type:
- definition:
An ‘intraperitoneal injection’ is the administration of a substance into the peritoneum (abdominal cavity) via a needle or tube.
- name:
intraperitoneal injection
intravenousInjection
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/intravenousInjection
- @type:
- definition:
An ‘intravenous injection’ is the administration of a substance into a vein or veins via a needle or tube.
- name:
intravenous injection
iontophoresis
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/iontophoresis
- @type:
- name:
iontophoresis
iontophoreticMicroinjection
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/iontophoreticMicroinjection
- @type:
- name:
iontophoretic microinjection
lightMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/lightMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
Light microscopy, also referred to as optical microscopy, comprises any type of microscopy technique that uses visible light to generate magnified images of small objects.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
light microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
lightSheetFluorescenceMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/lightSheetFluorescenceMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
Lightsheet fluorescence microscopy is a fluorescence microscopy technique that uses a thin sheet of light to excite only fluorophores within the plane of illumination.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
light sheet fluorescence microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/readable/technique/lightSheetMicroscopyFluorescent
magneticResonanceImaging
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/magneticResonanceImaging
- @type:
- definition:
‘Magnetic resonance imaging’ is a medical imaging technique that uses strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio waves to generate images of the anatomy and the physiological processes of the body.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
magnetic resonance imaging
magneticResonanceSpectroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/magneticResonanceSpectroscopy
- @type:
- name:
magnetic resonance spectroscopy
magnetoencephalography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/magnetoencephalography
- @type:
- definition:
‘Magnetoencephalography’ is a noninvasive neuroimaging technique for studying brain activity by recording magnetic fields produced by electrical currents occurring naturally in the brain, using very sensitive magnetometers. [adapted from [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetoencephalography)]
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
magnetoencephalography
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/indexes/ontologies/methods/163
massSpectrometry
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/massSpectrometry
- @type:
- name:
mass spectrometry
microtomeSectioning
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/microtomeSectioning
- @type:
- definition:
A technique used to cut specimen in thin slices using a microtome.
- description:
The microtome cutting thickness can range between 50 nanometer and 100 micrometer.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
microtome sectioning
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/indexes/ontologies/methods/212
multiElectrodeExtracellularElectrophysiology
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/multiElectrodeExtracellularElectrophysiology
- @type:
- name:
multi-electrode extracellular electrophysiology
multipleWholeCellPatchClamp
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/multipleWholeCellPatchClamp
- @type:
- name:
multiple whole cell patch clamp
myelinStaining
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/myelinStaining
- @type:
- definition:
A technique used to selectively alter the appearance of myelin (sheaths) that surround the nerve cell axons.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
myelin staining
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
nucleicAcidExtraction
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/nucleicAcidExtraction
- @type:
- definition:
‘Nucleic acid extraction’ refers to a group of techniques that all separate nucleic acids from proteins and lipids using three major processes: isolation, purification, and concentration.
- name:
nucleic acid extraction
optogeneticInhibition
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/optogeneticInhibition
- @type:
- definition:
Optogenetic inhibition is a genetic technique in which the activity of specific neuron populations is decreased using light of a particular wavelength. This can be achieved by expressing light-sensitive ion channels, pumps or enzymes specifically in the target neurons.
- name:
optogenetic inhibition
oralAdministration
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/oralAdministration
- @type:
- definition:
In an ‘oral administration’ a substance is taken through the mouth.
- name:
oral administration
organExtraction
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/organExtraction
- @type:
- name:
organ extraction
patchClamp
metadata sheet
- @id:
- @type:
- name:
patch clamp
perfusionFixationTechnique
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/perfusionFixationTechnique
- @type:
- definition:
Perfusion fixation is a fixation technique to preserve specimen permanently as faithfully as possible compared to the living state by using the vascular system to distribute fixatives throughout the tissue.
- name:
perfusion fixation technique
perfusionTechnique
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/perfusionTechnique
- @type:
- definition:
Perfusion is a technique to distribute fluid through the circulatory system or lymphatic system to an organ or a tissue.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
perfusion technique
phaseContrastXRayComputedTomography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/phaseContrastXRayComputedTomography
- @type:
- definition:
‘Phase-contrast x-ray computed tomography’ is a non-invasive x-ray imaging technique for three-dimensional observation of organic matter without application of a contrast medium ([Momose, Takeda, and Itai (1995)](https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1145931)).
- name:
phase‐contrast x‐ray computed tomography
phaseContrastXRayImaging
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/phaseContrastXRayImaging
- @type:
- definition:
‘Phase-contrast x-ray imaging’ is a general term for different x-ray techniques that use changes in the phase of an x-ray beam passing through an object leading to images with improved soft tissue contrast without the application of a contrast medium. (adapted from [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-contrast_X-ray_imaging))
- name:
phase-contrast x-ray imaging
photoactivation
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/photoactivation
- @type:
- name:
photoactivation
photoinactivation
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/photoinactivation
- @type:
- name:
photoinactivation
photoplethysmography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/photoplethysmography
- @type:
- definition:
Photoplethysmography is a non-invasive technique to optically detect blood volume changes in the micro-vascular bed of tissue by measuring the transmissive absorption and/or the reflection of light by the skin.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
photoplethysmography
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
polarizedLightMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/polarizedLightMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
Polarized light microscopy comprises all optical microscopy techniques involving polarized light.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
polarized light microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
populationReceptiveFieldMapping
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/populationReceptiveFieldMapping
- @type:
- name:
population receptive field mapping
positronEmissionTomography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/positronEmissionTomography
- @type:
- name:
positron emission tomography
pressureInjection
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/pressureInjection
- @type:
- definition:
Pressure injection uses either air compression or mechanical pressure to eject a substance from a micropipette (from Veith et al., 2016; J.Vis.Exp. (109):53724; doi: 10.3791/53724).
- name:
pressure injection
primaryAntibodyStaining
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/primaryAntibodyStaining
- @type:
- name:
primary antibody staining
pseudoContinuousArterialSpinLabeling
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/pseudoContinuousArterialSpinLabeling
- @type:
- name:
pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling
psychologicalTesting
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/psychologicalTesting
- @type:
- definition:
‘Psychological testing’ is a psychometric measurement to evaluate a person’s response to a psychological test according to carefully prescribed guidelines. [adapted from [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_testing)]
- name:
psychological testing
quantitativeMagneticResonanceImaging
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/quantitativeMagneticResonanceImaging
- @type:
- name:
quantitative magnetic resonance imaging
receptiveFieldMapping
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/receptiveFieldMapping
- @type:
- definition:
In ‘receptive field mapping’ a distinct set of physiological stimuli is used to evoke a sensory neuronal response in specific organisms to define its respective sensory space (receptive field).
- name:
receptive field mapping
retinotopicMapping
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/retinotopicMapping
- @type:
- definition:
In ‘retinotopic mapping’ the retina is repeatedly stimulated in such a way that the response of neurons, particularly within the visual stream, can be mapped to the location of the stimulus on the retina.
- name:
retinotopic mapping
retrogradeTracing
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/retrogradeTracing
- @type:
- definition:
Retrograde tracing is a technique used to trace neural connections from their point of termination (the synapse) to their source (the cell body).
- description:
In ‘retrograde tracing’ a tracer substance is taken up by synaptic terminals (and sometimes by axons) of neurons in the region where it is injected. Retrograde tracing techniques allow for a detailed assessment of neuronal connections between a target population of neurons and their inputs throughout the nervous system.
- name:
retrograde tracing
scanningElectronMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/scanningElectronMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
Scanning electron microscopy is a microscopy technique to produce images of a specimen by scanning the surface with focused beam of electrons.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
scanning electron microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/readable/technique/scanningElectronMicroscopy
scatteredLightImaging
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/scatteredLightImaging
- @type:
- name:
scattered light imaging
secondaryAntibodyStaining
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/secondaryAntibodyStaining
- @type:
- name:
secondary antibody staining
serialBlockFaceScanningElectronMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/serialBlockFaceScanningElectronMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
Serial block face scanning electron microscopy is a serial section scanning electron microscopy technique where an ultramicrotome is used to remove the surface layer of a specimen.
- name:
serial block face scanning electron microscopy
serialSectionTransmissionElectronMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/serialSectionTransmissionElectronMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
Serial section transmission electron microscopy is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through multiple successive slices of a volumetric sample to produce images of the slices (e.g. for later 3D reconstruction).
- name:
serial section transmission electron microscopy
sharpElectrodeIntracellularElectrophysiology
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/sharpElectrodeIntracellularElectrophysiology
- @type:
- definition:
An intracellular electrophysiology technique where a microelectrode/micropipette is used to measure electrical properties of a single cell, e.g. a neuron.
- description:
This technique uses a fine-tipped micropipette/microelectrode that is inserted into the neuron, allowing direct recording of electrical events generated by the neuron (membrane potential, resistance, time constant, synaptic potentials and action potentials).
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
sharp electrode intracellular electrophysiology
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/readable/technique/sharpElectrodeEphys
silverStaining
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/silverStaining
- @type:
- definition:
A technique where the appearance of biological subcellular targets (e.g. proteins, RNA or DNA) is selectively alter by use of silver.
- description:
Silver can be used to stain subcellular targets such as proteins, peptide, carbohydrates, RNA or DNA. This techniques is typically used on histological sections prior to light microscopy, for the detection of proteins and peptides in polyacrylamide gels or gel electrophoresis.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
silver staining
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
singleElectrodeExtracellularElectrophysiology
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/singleElectrodeExtracellularElectrophysiology
- @type:
- name:
single electrode extracellular electrophysiology
singleElectrodeJuxtacellularElectrophysiology
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/singleElectrodeJuxtacellularElectrophysiology
- @type:
- name:
single electrode juxtacellular electrophysiology
sodiumMRI
metadata sheet
- @id:
- @type:
- definition:
‘Sodium MRI’ is a specialised magnetic resonance imaging technique that uses strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio waves to generate images of the distribution of sodium in the body. [adapted from [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_MRI)]
- name:
sodium MRI
sonography
metadata sheet
- @id:
- @type:
- name:
sonography
spinEchoPulseSequence
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/spinEchoPulseSequence
- @type:
- definition:
In magnetic resonance imaging, a ‘spin echo pulse sequence’ is a contrast generation technique that induces bulk changes in the spin magnetization of a sample by applying sequential pulses of resonant electromagnetic waves at different angles (cf. [Fonseca (2013)](https://doi.org/10.5772/53693)).
- name:
spin echo pulse sequence
stereoelectroencephalography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/stereoelectroencephalography
- @type:
- definition:
In ‘stereoelectroencephalography’ depth electrodes (typically linear electrode arrays) are stereotactically implanted in the brain of a subject in order to record or stimulate electrographic activity of otherwise inaccessible brain regions. [cf. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereoelectroencephalography), or [Gholipour et al. 2020](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2019.105640)]
- name:
stereoelectroencephalography
stereology
metadata sheet
- @id:
- @type:
- definition:
An imaging assay that is used for the three-dimensional interpretation of planar sections of materials or tissues.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
stereology
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/indexes/ontologies/methods/79
stereotacticSurgery
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/stereotacticSurgery
- @type:
- name:
stereotactic surgery
structuralNeuroimaging
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/structuralNeuroimaging
- @type:
- name:
structural neuroimaging
subcutaneousInjection
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/subcutaneousInjection
- @type:
- definition:
An ‘subcutenous injection’ is the administration of a substance under all the layers of the skin via a needle or tube.
- name:
subcutaneous injection
subduralElectrocorticography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/subduralElectrocorticography
- @type:
- name:
subdural electrocorticography
tetrodeExtracellularElectrophysiology
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/tetrodeExtracellularElectrophysiology
- @type:
- name:
tetrode extracellular electrophysiology
time-of-flightMagneticResonanceAngiography
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/time-of-flightMagneticResonanceAngiography
- @type:
- definition:
‘Time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography’ is a non-invasive, non-contrast-enhanced technique used to visualize both arterial and venous vessels with high spatial resolution. Note: it provides no information regarding directionality nor flow velocity quantification. [adapted from: [Ferreira and Ramalho, 2013](https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118434550.ch7)]
- name:
time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography
tissueClearing
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/tissueClearing
- @type:
- name:
tissue clearing
transcardialPerfusionFixationTechnique
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/transcardialPerfusionFixationTechnique
- @type:
- definition:
Transcardial perfusion fixation is a technique to distribute fixatives throughout tissue via the heart.
- name:
transcardial perfusion fixation technique
transcardialPerfusionTechnique
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/transcardialPerfusionTechnique
- @type:
- definition:
Transcardial perfusion is a technique to distribute fluid throughout tissue via the heart.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
transcardial perfusion technique
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/indexes/ontologies/methods/167
transmissionElectronMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/transmissionElectronMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
Transmission electron microscopy is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to produce an image.
- name:
transmission electron microscopy
twoPhotonFluorescenceMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/twoPhotonFluorescenceMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
Two-photon fluorescence microscopy is a fluorescence microscopy technique for living tissue which is based on the simultaneous excitation by two photons with longer wavelength than the emitted light.
- interlexIdentifier:
- name:
two-photon fluorescence microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier:
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/readable/technique/twoPhoton
ultraHighFieldFunctionalMagneticResonanceImaging
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/ultraHighFieldFunctionalMagneticResonanceImaging
- @type:
- definition:
‘Ultra high-field functional magnetic resonance imaging’ comprises all functional MRI techniques conducted with a MRI scanner with a magnetic field strength equal or above 7 Tesla.
- name:
ultra high-field functional magnetic resonance imaging
ultraHighFieldMagneticResonanceImaging
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/ultraHighFieldMagneticResonanceImaging
- @type:
- definition:
‘Ultra high-field magnetic resonance imaging’ comprises all structural MRI techniques conducted with a MRI scanner with a magnetic field strength equal or above 7 Tesla.
- name:
ultra high-field magnetic resonance imaging
ultraHighFieldMagneticResonanceSpectroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/ultraHighFieldMagneticResonanceSpectroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
‘Ultra high-field magnetic resonance spectroscopy’ comprises all MRS techniques conducted with a MRI scanner with a magnetic field strength equal or above 7 Tesla.
- name:
ultra high-field magnetic resonance spectroscopy
vibratomeSectioning
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/vibratomeSectioning
- @type:
- name:
vibratome sectioning
videoTracking
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/videoTracking
- @type:
- name:
video tracking
virus-mediatedTransfection
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/virus-mediatedTransfection
- @type:
- name:
virus-mediated transfection
voltageClamp
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/voltageClamp
- @type:
- definition:
‘Voltage clamp’ comprises all experimental techniques in which the membrane potential (voltage) is constantly changed to a desired value by adding the necessary current to the cell.
- name:
voltage clamp
voltageSensitiveDyeImaging
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/voltageSensitiveDyeImaging
- @type:
- definition:
‘Voltage sensitive dye imaging’ is an experimental technique to measure neuronal population activity from in vivo brains or live brain slices by transducing changes in the cell membrane potential into changes of fluorescence emission by an employed exogenous chemical agent.
- name:
voltage sensitive dye imaging
weightedCorrelationNetworkAnalysis
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/weightedCorrelationNetworkAnalysis
- @type:
- definition:
Weighted correlation network analysis is a widely used data mining method for studying networks based on pairwise correlations between variables. While it can be applied to most high-dimensional data sets, it has been most widely used in genomic applications. [adopted from: [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weighted_correlation_network_analysis)]
- name:
weighted correlation network analysis
wholeCellPatchClamp
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/wholeCellPatchClamp
- @type:
- definition:
‘Whole cell patch clamp’ is a patch clamp technique where the pipette is sealed onto a cell membrane applying enough suction to rupture the membrane patch in order to provide access from the interior of the pipette to the intracellular space of the cell.
- name:
whole cell patch clamp
widefieldFluorescenceMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id:
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/widefieldFluorescenceMicroscopy
- @type:
- definition:
‘Widefield fluorescence microscopy’ comprises all microscopy techniques in which fluorescent molecules of an entire sample are excited through a permanent exposure of a light source of a specific wavelength.
- name:
widefield fluorescence microscopy